I kind of have an understanding about film camera, but for some reason I cannot wrap my head around how digital cameras work. From a mechanical and engineering standpoint, what is the actual difference between how the two operate?
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The optical part is mostly the same, the difference is that instead of light hitting film and causing a chemical reaction, it hits an image sensor, which is basically a bunch of light sensitive diodes(like solar cells, which are also fundamentally just diodes), The signal from light hitting the diode gets amplified, and converted from an analog voltage or quantity of charge into a digital format using an ADC.
The light sensing happens when a photon interacts with an electron, pushing it across the PN junction.
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