how an electric iron doesn’t have an efficiency of 100%

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Thermodynamics won’t allow anything to have an efficiency of 100% because some energy will be converted to heat. What about electric irons and pretty much any other heating equipment that has a working principle revolving around losing energy to heat

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You can’t really objectively define the efficiency of a clothes iron because the desired work result of flattening clothes doesn’t take an energy input or does only a comparatively tiny one. After the cloth is flattened, it gives away its heat and cools down again. We only talk of efficiency in direct conversion between forms of energy or continuous creation of material such as steam.

The whole system including the person could have an efficiency of items folded per unit of time. One person may let the clothes iron heated and standing idle for longer.

An iron will convert all input energy into heat except if it also contains a water tank. The energy used to convert water into steam will be lost until the water is condensed back to liquid elsewhere.

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