Water gets in underneath the road and mixes with the soil. Then when a car drives over the road the increase in pressure pushes the water and some of the soil out.the water then seeps back in but the soil doesn’t (it settles out in the slow moving water thats flowing back under the road) you repeat this process over and over and in the end the road collapses into the whole. Because of this process filling a pot hole back up is a temporary solution because the process will continue to happen. On an unpaved road the process is similar except instead you have a puddle which a car goes through and splashes out water and soil creating a deeper hole.
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