It doesn’t really just change. Different molecules react differently to different wavelengths of light. If you hold up a red piece of plastic all the other wavelengths are absorbed and turned to heat (it’s a very small amount of heat though usually), but the red is reflected back where it can hit your eye. So you see red.
If the plastic is red and also transparent, or something like glass, then it’ll behave similarly except that instead of causing the red light to bounce away, the red light, and only the red light, will pass through it.
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