The simple answer is that we were all separately taught how to read music, and part of that process is pegging certain notes to certain frequencies. If I play a middle C on a properly tuned piano and then sing it, and someone else does the same thing half a world away, we’re still singing the same note regardless of the fact that we’ve never heard each other. It doesn’t matter what we each subjectively experience as middle C, because the tuning process (which is ultimately a form of calibration) eliminates any difference.
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