I was going through life insurance policies and noticed that even if I lived to be 100+ the amount of money I would pay into a life insurance policy would still be lower than the insurance pay out. I imagine many people die much sooner and get paid out even more than what they contributed. How do life insurance companies still profit off these policies when everyone will eventually die and cash out? It’s not like car insurance where you can go without an accident.
In: Economics
Insurance companies take the money from the premiums and people pay in and use it to buy stocks and other investments. When the time comes to pay out to have made so much profit from the investments that they can afford to pay out even more than the premiums and still be making money. Warren Buffett is well known for doing this. He owns multiple insurance companies and uses the money from them to buy other stocks.
Warren Buffett’s own words:
Insurers receive premiums upfront and pay claims later. … This collect-now, pay-later model leaves us holding large sums — money we call “float” — that will eventually go to others. Meanwhile, we get to invest this float for Berkshire’s benefit. …
If premiums exceed the total of expenses and eventual losses, we register an underwriting profit that adds to the investment income produced from the float. This combination allows us to enjoy the use of free money — and, better yet, get paid for holding it. Alas, the hope of this happy result attracts intense competition, so vigorous in most years as to cause the P/C industry as a whole to operate at a significant underwriting loss. This loss, in effect, is what the industry pays to hold its float. Usually this cost is fairly low, but in some catastrophe-ridden years the cost from underwriting losses more than eats up the income derived from use of float. …
Our float has grown from $16 million in 1967, when we entered the business, to $62 billion at the end of 2009. Moreover, we have now operated at an underwriting profit for seven consecutive years. I believe it likely that we will continue to underwrite profitably in most — though certainly not all — future years. If we do so, our float will be cost-free, much as if someone deposited $62 billion with us that we could invest for our own benefit without the payment of interest.
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