as far as i’m aware it’s a question of absorption and reflection/refraction. if a medium does not absorb the light and simply bounces the light, the average of every photon’s combined path will tend towards what you see when light is refracted or reflected through a window. the windows in your house, which you can almost completely see through without refraction, have their particles tuned in such a way that they bounce photons minimally compared with their entry angle.
if light is partially absorbed then that will give your object a visible, or invisible, colour. this is because every wavelength of light that is NOT absorbed will bounce (refract or reflect).
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