A protein is edible if the thing eating it can digest it without consequences. How do we know if there will be consequences? From experience passed down, shared not just in the stories we tell, but also sometimes in our DNA.
This is the whole evolutionary basis for taste – things your brain knows are edible and taste good and things your brain knows aren’t edible taste bad. Some of those you’re born with, some of them you learn from experience, and some are so dangerous they must be taught.
The other side of this is also evolution. Animals and plants evolve to become inedible to predators as a survival technique. This is the basis of poison.
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