Imagine a volleyball net. There are three main types of radiation: alpha, which would be a volleyball. Then beta, which would be a tennis ball. And gamma, which would be a grain of salt (but not really since it is an electromagnetic wave). Scaling only for an example.
Now throw these at the net and see what happens. The net is the matter around us. It can block some radiation, but not all.
Edit: can’t believe I am getting this recognition for such a simple explanation, thank you!
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