It doesn’t. Splitting an atom releases some energy and some free neutrons. Those free neutrons can then go and split more atoms. This is what powers a nuclear power plant. You have a slow, controlled reaction to produce heat. The nuclear fuel is slowly used up over a period of years.
A bomb tries to split as many atoms as it can at once. The combined energy of the fission of all of those atoms at once is what produces such a massive explosion.
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