It doesn’t.
Your taste buds provide a limited set of combinations. Flavor, however, is much more complex than just taste (your gustatory system). It also includes your somatosensory system, which detects texture, temperature, and irritants (spicy!), as well as your olfactory system, which detects volatile aromatic molecules in your mouth. Your olfactory system can detect a *huge* number of different combinations (as shokalion points out). However, smell through your nose (orthonasal olfaction) has limited impact on flavor–it’s smell through the back of your throat (retronasal olfaction) that does the real work.
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