Theres one method involving a Catherine wheel type affair powered by 2 opposing 12.7mm cartridges, the idea being that it removes it before the fuze has time to function.
Alternative methods to demolition include using specifically designed shape charges to penetrate the case to ‘burn out’ the explosive filling.
Not very eli5 sorry
Edit I think it may be 4 cartridges, cant fully remember, probably never been used in anger
I know nothing about bomb disposal specifically and some folks below seem to have that covered but speaking very broadly about threaded fittings: it can depend heavily on the materials involved and stuff like how tightly it was screwed in in the first place. if you have a steel bolt in a steel hole both sides can rust and all the rust fuses together. in that case you can snap the head off before the bolt will turn. if you have aluminum threads screwed into steal they never fuse. it might be crunchy but you should still be able to get them apart. in the case of bomb fuses, maybe they’re different materials that don’t fuse as badly as steel on steel?
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