If I understand correctly, the job of the data cable is to transfer current from a wall charger or computer to a phone. Through this current the phone decipers the zero and 1s to make it code/data. Now shouldn’t current flow at the same rate between two cables, provided the thickness/resistance is the same?
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It has nothing to do with the cable and everything to do with the plug. If you had some laboratory-grade signal generator you could hook up either cable and clock a gazillion hertz across them. It has little to do with the number of wires either.
Data in a computer is represented as high volts and low volts. I believe in computers a 1 is usually anything above 5 volts and a 0 is anything below 2 volts. How quickly I can change between a one and a zero determines how quickly I can transfer data. The measure of how quickly I can change data is measured in frequency, and you’ll hear it referred to as the clock speed.
The way it works is data is loaded into a register, then when the clock cycles that data is transmitted across the line.
USB is faster because it has a faster controller, which you can think of as a CPU for the USB.
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