Pressure. Basically, nature doesn’t like having a vacuum, which is a truly empty space, with no air or water or anything in it. As you pull the cup up from the water, if the water didn’t come up with it, you would have a vacuum forming inside the cup. Air can’t get in, because the rim of the cup is underwater, so if the water left, nothing would be there. So, the water stays in the cup until the rim of the cup reaches the surface. Now, air can flow up into the cup as the water falls down, so the water is able to fall.
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