As for the second part of your question, there were no anti-vaxxers before vaccines were invented. But in the first years there were hell lot of them. People used to make fun of Jenner, and there were so many pictures depicting people transforming into cows (first vaccines against smallpox were based on cowpox, after Jenner noticed that farmers who got cowpox very seldom were infected with smallpox).
An example of a “disease”, perception of which has changed, is “female hysteria”. Women were treated by almost torturing (sometimes hysterectomy or placement into insane asylum) for nothing.
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