I don’t know the full answer but I know that part of it is much stricter controls on who could and could not withdraw money and how much you could withdraw. A great, and slightly silly, example of this is in Catch Me If You Can.
Cash or physical currency that you kept on your person OR stored hidden in your home was also much more popular than it is today.
I found some [interesting reading here as well](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/banking.asp).
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