More powerful engines allowed them to have thicker and heavier armor while still being able to move swiftly. Better material science allowed them to use materials that perform better as armor than just plain steel. Better electronics enabled tanks to have stabilized guns that always point in the same direction, even while the chassis underneath is moving, and they also provide better aiming. Then you have more powerful, heavier guns and better ammunition that is designed to pierce armor, explode into lots of fragments or explode after a certain delay after impact.
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