The part of the rocket that launched the astronauts from the surface of the moon to lunar orbit only had enough power/fuel to do that task.
They met up with a larger spacecraft which got them back to earth.
The part that actually landed was in turn just a small pierce of this spaceship – just a capsule with a heat-shield and parachutes.
Your intuition is correct that they did not have enough power to get directly from the moon’s surface back to earth directly.
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