Very soon after the formation of the Earth (speaking in planetary formation systems timescales), the Earth was struck but a large object, most likely a small planet sized object. The force of the collision spewed huge amounts of material into space. Some of this material was scattered throughout the solar system, but most of it remained in the nascent Earth’s gravitational well and remained in orbit. Over time, due to gravity, the material coalesced into what became the moon.
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