There’s a couple of things that are done.
-Initially, a tourniquet if this is a triage situation.
-During surgery, some of the cutting is done with tools that cauterize smaller vessels and that staves off bleeding.
-bigger veins/arteries are clamped off.
-Blood transfusion throughout the surgery keeps blood coming in.
I’m sure there’s a lot more that goes into it and more technical answers will be offered, but I think that’s the upshot.
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