It completely depends on the active ingredient(s).
There are some actives that change the turnover rate of your skin cells, which reduces inflammation and how often pores get clogged. (E.g. topical tretinoin)
Some do the above, but are less potent and thought to mostly target top-layer skin cells. (E.g. salicylic acid, beta hydroxy acids)
Some actives kill acne-causing bacteria (e.g. benzoyl peroxide)
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