They are surely not tought social norms and expectations by their parents 😉
In: 6
Ants have sexes that are deterministic like bees. So worker ants go outside the hive, drones only reproduce and so on. That is encoded in their DNA so they know their role the same way that we know how to breathe or swallow.
As for how they communicate, ants release small amounts of pheromones that indicate to other ants where food is or other things of interest. This is mostly random though, each ant hasn’t a clue what it’s doing, but on average if you have enough ants, chances are one will find food and then the pheromones will signal the others.
They don’t know. Each basically.has an instruction set that’s fairly simple but when you add thousands of ants in a colony complex behaviour emerges.
This is an interesting read on the topic
https://www.google.com/amp/s/phys.org/news/2015-08-ants-members-society.amp
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