It’s a series of Genetically programmed behaviors that they follow. Basically think of the various jobs in the colony as different flowcharts of activities that the bees perform. Based on the job and type of bee, they are hard wired to follow these different patterns of behavior. these can be pretty complex with a lot of steps from start to finish, but you can break them all down into a chain of simpler behaviors/activities which can all be genetically controlled. Bees can learn to a certain extent but the important behaviors are instinctual so they do them automatically when the time is right. think of it like a robot executing a programmed series of steps.
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