As you have stated, beta blockers block the effect of adrenaline on the heart, causing it to beat slower. This allows the heart to fill up a bit more before it contracts and is great if an abnormally fast heart is the problem.
As for why why everyone wouldn’t take them, it is because they will make it almost impossible to exercise. Adrenaline released during exercise stimulates the heart to beat faster and harder, allowing you to send sufficient blood to muscles. Stopping everyone from exercising is generally not a good outcome.
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