Birds in general have very clear vision that is highly sensitive to motion and their eyes being on the sides of their head gives them incredibly wide ranges of vision. So they just have to not get too close to their neighbors. Really it’s just that simple.
This makes more sense when you realize the movement of those massive groups is not intentional. That is, they aren’t trying to reach somewhere. It is an instinct that protects them from predators by forming a moving mass that makes it hard for any individual bird to get targeted. So really it’s all semi random movements of individual birds translating to big motion of the whole group in an unpredictable way.
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