The tree is limited in how far it can grow, its roots can’t spread and its branches are pruned. The tree still matures, it still becomes an adult organism, but it never reaches its adult size, mainly because the lack of roots and leaves stop it from getting enough nutrients from growing that big.
The apple is its offspring, and isn’t so limited. The tree still has a tough time getting the resources needed, likely why there was only one apple, but as far as the cells at that branch tip are concerned it’s a normal adult tree making a normal apple, which is therefore full sized.
Think of it like an amputee; an amputee who’s lost all four limbs is going to have a child with all of its body parts, they won’t be smaller than a normal baby and they won’t be missing bits.
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