short answer: they don’t
long answer because of stupid bot: there are always interference by electromagnetic waves, as from radio transmission, the sun oder other parallel wires.
that’s why data connection, wired or not have a signal noise ratio, which determine the quality of a connection.
both sides need to be able to differentiate the signals from the background noise. if that’s not possible they try alternative frequencies. that’s how one wire can transport multiple data connections simultaneously, each using their own frequencies and encryption.
that’s called the handshake
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