How do computer graphic cards work?

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I don’t understand how a better graphic car can make games smoother, or just how they work in general

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Graphics card is essentially a second computer inside your computer – with it’s own processor (GPU) and its own RAM. When you start a game – a part of the code gets loaded into GPU, after that CPU and GPU split the work, each doing their own part. GPU mostly calculates colors for each dot on your screen, for each video frame.

Graphics card can be better in two ways: faster processor (GPU), or more video RAM.

Faster GPU does more work in the same time. That means:

* You can have more fine-grained picture (more dots on the screen – higher resolution), or more video frames (higher FPS – more “fluent” movements)
* You can have more objects on screen (far away objects won’t be cut off)
* It can spend more calculation on every dot – better lighting, more reflections/shadows, better translucent materials (glass, water, etc), more moving light sources.

Bigger VRAM means more space for video data:

* Bigger textures – more details on close up pictures.
* More textures – more different objects on screen.

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