Because they were built to do just that, lots of math very quickly, how they do it?
Well it’s all based around transistors, a transistor is essentially a switch that is controlled by electricity, so you can chain several transistors together in clever arrangements to do operating with binary numbers (and with several I mean billions, modern smartphones have more transistors than there are people on the planet)
Electricity moves nearly instantly and a cpu is relatively small, plus it does an operation in less than a billionth of a second, so it is really fa at
Then a computer just has to convert a number from decimal to binary, do all the calculations and spit the result back
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