Engineers design them to code standards. The design drawings are reviewed by several agencies. The contractors build what the engineers design.
In the contract stage, generally speaking, contractors are supposed to call out anything in the design that isn’t to code.
Structural engineers design to allow for wind force, weight loads, etc. they depend on geotect to accurately describe the soil under the building so the structural engineers know how to design the pilings, foundation, and so forth.
Structural engineers design with a 100 year storm in mind or more.
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