There are two types of file that come from a camera, the raw file, and a processed file.
You’re right in that the raw file will always be the same size because each pixel has information.
The processed file (commonly .jpg or similar) has been processed by the camera or phone to be _much_ smaller. Say you took a picture with some sky in it that is a huge swathe of blue. Your phone notices that and takes some shortcuts to the information it saves, rather than saving information for each pixel.
Edit: spelling
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