Practice. Lots of practice. On simulators, their fellow students and family members. By injecting at an angle, it’s easier to stay within certain depths of the skin.
Certain areas of the body have more fat than others. Certain areas have muscle. By pinching a skin fold, they can make sure the pinched area is mostly fat and inject into the fat.
They can also find veins by wrapping a rubber band around your arm and have you making a fist. The vein will pop up and they can feel the needle as it enters the vein. Pulling back on the plunger slightly draws blood into the syringe verifying they got a vein. Some areas like the back of the hand have thin skin and little fat so the veins are easily seen.
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