Typically they still use a heater core and coolant like a normal car, but use a heating element/resistive coil to heat the coolant rather than engine heat. Yes, using the heater can have a significant impact on ev range. To improve efficiency, the car will preheat this coolant when the car is plugged in/charging in low temperatures.
The ‘pre-heating while charging’ information is very interesting information for me. This possibly explains why rodents (rats in the garden and neighbor’s outdoor structures) built a nest on top of the engine (elec. motor) of my nissan LEAF. They even used the hood insulation available right there as the building material. They came for the heat in the winter probably.
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