They’re essentially the same chip as the desktop version (or they can be sometimes there are lower powered mobile versions) the layout of the memory, power distribution, and other things are simply directly integrated into the laptop motherboard. And the cooling setup one made for laptops. Those huge cards we put into desktop PCs are mostly made of power delivery hardware.
What would stop them from having a similar performance? They are the same kind of chip.
Also, do note that they generally do not perform as well due to heating and other issues, but they can perform close.
When you buy a graphics card, most of the thing you put on your motherboard is just packaging around the actual chipset. The actual chipset is much smaller, same with CPU, and it fits into a laptop.
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