How do health insurance companies determine what they’ll cover?

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As someone that has had troubles with insurance companies, I can say that there are a lot of things that don’t make sense to patients or doctors.

And now that I’m doing an internship in the mental health field, I’m seeing a daily struggle with insurance companies to get people the help they need because insurance companies say “I know the treatment plan is x number of days, but we don’t think that’s necessary”

How can insurance companies deem treatments unnecessary or even cut them short compared to what health professionals consider necessary? Are they held to a certain standard or is it up to them because they’re a private business?

I understand that insurance companies themselves don’t stop treatment, but by cutting off what they’ll cover, they don’t leave patients any choice.

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