How do heat pumps work and why are the energy efficient?
Edit: the question is sufficiently answered. Thanks guys!
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Traditional electric/ gas heaters only convert one type of energy into another. For example traditional electric heaters convert electrical energy into heat energy. This process is limited because if you put in X amount of electrical energy then you can only get out X heat energy. Heat pumps on the other hand uses electrical energy to move energy around instead of simply converting it from one form to another. So if you want it warmer inside then it just moves energy from the outside inside (or vice versa for cooling). Moving energy is not restricted in the same way as converting energy types so you can reasonably put in X energy and actually move 3-4X energy, thus meaning that you are getting 3-4 times as much energy out as you are putting in. Because of this we tend to call heat pumps mor efficient, but remember we are only moving the energy, not creating/ destroying it.
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