biologists who study animal behavior often spend time literally just watching. they adjust one part of the environment of the animal they’re studying and watch to see how the animals respond and if there is a change in their behavior as a population.
in this case, bee communication was discovered by moving the food source of bees and closely watching them to see how they interacted with each other after visiting the new food location. the scientists found that different locations led to the bees doing different “dances” with/between each other. bees that had previously never even seen the food source were then able to travel directly to it, indicating that the hive had communicated the food location through that specific dance. this allowed the biologists to conclude that this “dancing” was the bees’ method of communication.
edit: clarified how the bee communication dances work
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