how do hybrid-electric engines work and have much greater efficiency than standard gas engines?
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Standard gas engines need to rev up and down in order to change your driving speed.
Engines do have a rotational speed at which they achive maximum efficiency and this speed is normally situated around a normal cruising speed. However, due to acceleration/deacceleration a standard gas engine is also working very often not at peak efficiency.
Hybrid-electric engines work differently.
They have 2 engines, a standard gas engine and an electrical engine (motor). These are coupled in such a way the driving speed is determined by a speed difference in gas engine and electrical engine.
This way, the gas engine can **always** operate at peak efficiency and the driving speed is determined by changing the rotational speed of the electric motor. This means a higher efficiency is achieved in such hybrid engines.
This video explains it all: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLUIExAnNcE
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