How do IP packets know what hoops/servers to go through to reach the intended recipient’s IP?
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Each device that forwards IP packets has tables containing subnet routes to a “next hop”. With the growth of the Internet, tables are now millions of routes. Each time a packet hits a router its referred to as a hop. Routers will keep referring to their routing tables until the destination is the last hop. Routers learn routes by talking to each other and distributing the information to each other about what networks/IPs they have destinations for. There are complex routing protocols in place to figure out which neighbor router is the next hop.
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