How do liquids stay homogeneous and not have settling issues, such as Coke or milk?
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When something is dissolved in a liquid, it ionizes. If you look at the chemical structure, you can normally tell if something is soluble in water, as the chemical will be polar. For example, table salt (sodium chloride) is very ionizable in water. The sodium and chloride separates into ions that are stabilized by the polarity of water molecules.
“Like dissolves like” is something to consider when looking at solubility. Nonpolar solvents often solubilize nonpolar solutes and polar solvents solubilize polar solutes.
Coke is a homogenous mixture that mostly consists of water and sugar. Sugar is a polar organic compound that dissolves easily in water.
Milk is a heterogeneous mixture that consists of lipids and water. Lipids are long chains of hydrocarbons that are nonpolar, thus not dissolving in water. If milk is left to stand undisturbed for a long period of time, you’ll notice the separation.
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