As you’re exposed to music, your brain generally remembers the approximate transitions between notes. As you sing, your brain is recalling what those relative differences should sound like. People’s brains are different though. Some people can remember not only the relative difference between notes but the absolute frequencies of each note, giving them “perfect pitch.” On the other hand, some people’s brains give poor approximations, thus when they try to sing, it is often off key. Practice can help. And if there is background music, it’s much easier as your brain can reference your own voice to the background frequencies, offering real-time feedback to adjust pitch as needed.
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