First of all probably only the areas the artist zoomed in on actually have those extra details.
To make one you’d start fully zoomed out, draw that part, then save it. Next you’d crop the part you’ll be zooming in on and enlarge it to full size. Obviously at this point it’s all blurry. Then you would draw over that blurry part with a new high resolution image that matches the old image. Save it as a new image.
Repeat this for many zooms.
Finally you’d place all this images in some software that will display the full resolution images you made at their various zoom points. I’m not sure if there is some specially designed software for this but a programmer could easily make a custom thing in HTML5 or Unity etc.
This is likely made with vector art. With this type of image, instead of the canvas being a fixed resolution of pixels, the program creates objects instead and keeps track of their relative positions. This allows you to zoom in infinitely and still have a clear image.
The artist could start with creating the fully zoomed out image and then zoom in to work on a tiny detailed piece and then a piece within that piece and so on.
It’s actually made in an app called Mental Canvas.
It’s an app that’s made for multiple platforms where you can draw on many different layers and it links it all together in this zoom format. I have it downloaded on my iPad.
You can find information on it here: [Mental Canvas](https://www.mentalcanvas.com/)
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