In this particular case, I read in a separate thread that someone had set up a camera on the main street in the earlier protest and used a machine learning algorithm to individually count the precise number of individual people walking along the road.
In more general cases, as mentioned by the other posters, it’s a matter of making an estimate of number of people per square metre and multiplying by the area, and if the crowd is moving, further multiplying by the flow rate.
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