Usually photos are a combination of different filters and wavelengths. Rarely there is a very colourful photo of space with only a normal filter (naked eye so to speak).
Filters are used to enhance detail and contrast, which can give you info which might be lost while otherwise.
Different wavelengths are used to find info which cannot be found in visible light spectrum. Infrared can be used to research objects behind stellar dust while synchrotron radiation is known for certain processes and associated to certain objects
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