They pay for it the exact same way you do. There is a meter that measures the consumption. And based on the numbers on the meter, they get billed at regular intervals.
When you are a very, very, very large consumer (and, frankly, railroads ARE large consumers) it requires some extra equipment that makes it possible for the meter to measure the comparably high load. And there is a chance that they are offered, or even forced to use, a Tarif where consumption prices fluctuate by the hour or by the day, rather than by the month that is more standard for private consumption.
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