They work by storing data based on its “relation” to other bits of data. A classic example is the student database. A table contains student data, each student attends a class, so there is a table of class data, each class is contained within a course, so there is a table for course details. Students are also enrolled in a course so there is a relation there as well (the example can be extended far beyond this simplified version). These relations/connections are maintained by keys that link the tables together.
Source: it’s been 7 years since I studied database design lol
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