Co-evolution maybe. 2 Species have genetic variation in their populations because of mutations. Something happens in the environment which kills of a large proportion of each population, and by random chance organisms from each species survive after randomly depending on each other.
Since these 2 organisms which survived by living off each other are able to live long enough to reproduce, they can pass down these genes which made them capable of doing so down over generations. Eventually you get 2 different species which solely depend on each other. r/askscience is always available for further details
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