generally speaking it has to do with the amaunt of data your platform can process and how fast can be elaborated .Different parts occupis a specific role in the elaboration of this data (cpu for OS ,gpu for gafic,sound card for sound for example ) .Since the different components of a pc works kinda independently one from another (super generalized ) there ist a specific unit of mesurament you can use too describe the performance of a pc ,it also depends on context of use (gaming,offic,crypto mining ,etc…) .If you want tow know how the different components works together i suggest to take a look at the von neumann scheme, witch is the architecture the most of the machine you come across evry day are base upon ( it can look complicated but it ist ).
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