I was on a flight recently that had the dimmer style windows instead of the old style where you would just pull down a shade. I wondered how the glass could be made to go darker or lighter at the push of a button?
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There’s a film applied to the window that has a layer of liquid crystals sandwiched in-between two pieces of plastic.
When the film is turned ‘off’ the liquid crystals can do whatever they want which creates opaqueness in the window as they’re all just scattered about.
When you turn it ‘on’ a current of electricity is run through the film which causes all the liquid crystals to snap into alignment and become clear.
[It’s called PDLC film.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZT9kKs1X9_g&ab_channel=DavidWatts)
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