It’s a long and complicated procedure but basically you can take a single sample dna/rna from a virus/bacteria cell and they replicate and amplify it enough to be compared to a known bacteria or virus dna.
They extract it, purify it, amplify it and then compare it. Every time they amplify it, the amount doubles. After a few cycles they can go from 1 dna to over a billion in a few hours.
When they compare it, it’s like the “day time talk shows” where they are trying to find the baby daddy.
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